The Industrial Revolution
(The Telephone)

In 18th century Europe, especially in the Kingdom of Great Britain, the period of profound economic, social and technological transformation was called the Industrial Revolution. Spread across Europe and the United States, it ended in the mid-19th and early 20th centuries. The first stage of the Industrial Revolution extends from the middle of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century, characterized by the introduction of the steam engine in manufacturing processes. The second stage of the Industrial Revolution goes from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the First World War, in 1914, it is distinguished by the application of innovations such as electrical energy and the internal combustion engine in the manufacture of goods.

In 1854 the Italian Antonio Meucci was the one who invented the telephone, in Havana. After designing several prototypes, Meucci built a first model of what he called a telephone, which could transmit acoustic signals at a distance by means of electrical signals. Antonio Meucci invented the telephone to connect his office with his room since his wife suffered from rheumatism, Meucci was not in the economic possibilities to patent the invention, so that Alexander Graham Bell together with Elisha Gray were considered the inventors of the telephone, Because Bell built the telephone and patented it a few hours before Elisha Gray, the first telephone on which voice could be transmitted and received in 1876.

Initially it was presented as a "sound telegraph", since in its time of invention the telegraph was the only means of immediate communication over great distances.

The impact that the telephone had during the first years was different depending on the country. At the beginning, the telephone was associated both with entertainment for a dispersed public and with point-to-point communication between individuals. One of the Springfield Republican predictions in 1877 was that, thanks to the telephone, "all the music of a prima donna could be distributed in the country at the same time that she sings and in this way popularize good music to a degree unknown until now”. In the US, the telephone helps a demographic change as it allows the displacement of the center of the cities towards the outside of these, which began with the development of community transport. In addition, it is a way to reactivate sociability since it is not only made up of neighborhood relationships. Thus, both in cities and in the countryside, the telephone becomes an instrument of community sociability.

The first wireless call took place in 1973 thanks to Martin Cooper, an engineer for the telecommunications company Motorola. The conventional telephone is made up of two circuits that work together: the conversation circuit, which is the analog part, and the dialing circuit, which is responsible for dialing and calling. During the following years, advances in technology allowed mobile phones to communicate from anywhere. At that time, the call could have a maximum duration of 30 minutes. Another advancement in mobile devices was the color screen. But it wasn't until this century that the first built-in camera phone appeared. Then came text messages and multimedia messages. In 2007 Steve Jobs revolutionized the mobile phone industry and new technologies, when the first iPhone model was introduced which included the touch device, internet browsing and other service applications. In 2010, practically all smartphones had a touch screen and internet connectivity.

Telephones, in principle, work by transforming electrical impulses into sound waves and vice versa.

To do this, they used two circuits that operate at the same time: one attends to the conversation (analog part of the device) and another that handles the dialing and the call.

The great influence that this invention had is thanks to simple things such as the much more effective form of communication in our homes in order to have a much better communication relationship, and it had a great influence on the industrial revolution because it allowed many business agreements They were given much faster by not being face-to-face, the use of letters was also stopped and people used the telephone much more to give messages, it also greatly benefited globalization thanks to its continental reach, but the telegraph that helped much in the first world war for communication between warships. The telephone was a big change because it greatly facilitated social development from the moment it came out, since it improved communication and left behind what were messages through letters, which was actually a very slow form of communication and not so sure.